- Dutch
- Frisian
- Afrikaans
- Dutch
- Phonology
- Segment inventory
- Phonotactics
- Phonological processes
- Phonology-morphology interface
- Word stress
- Primary stress in simplex words
- Monomorphemic words
- Diachronic aspects
- Generalizations on stress placement
- Default penultimate stress
- Lexical stress
- The closed penult restriction
- Final closed syllables
- The diphthong restriction
- Superheavy syllables (SHS)
- The three-syllable window
- Segmental restrictions
- Phonetic correlates
- Stress shifts in loanwords
- Quantity-sensitivity
- Secondary stress
- Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables
- Stress in complex words
- Primary stress in simplex words
- Accent & intonation
- Clitics
- Spelling
- Morphology
- Word formation
- Compounding
- Nominal compounds
- Verbal compounds
- Adjectival compounds
- Affixoids
- Coordinative compounds
- Synthetic compounds
- Reduplicative compounds
- Phrase-based compounds
- Elative compounds
- Exocentric compounds
- Linking elements
- Separable complex verbs (SCVs)
- Gapping of complex words
- Particle verbs
- Copulative compounds
- Derivation
- Numerals
- Derivation: inputs and input restrictions
- The meaning of affixes
- Non-native morphology
- Cohering and non-cohering affixes
- Prefixation
- Suffixation
- Nominal suffixation: person nouns
- Conversion
- Pseudo-participles
- Bound forms
- Nouns
- Nominal prefixes
- Nominal suffixes
- -aal and -eel
- -aar
- -aard
- -aat
- -air
- -aris
- -ast
- Diminutives
- -dom
- -een
- -ees
- -el (nominal)
- -elaar
- -enis
- -er (nominal)
- -erd
- -erik
- -es
- -eur
- -euse
- ge...te
- -heid
- -iaan, -aan
- -ief
- -iek
- -ier
- -ier (French)
- -ière
- -iet
- -igheid
- -ij and allomorphs
- -ijn
- -in
- -ing
- -isme
- -ist
- -iteit
- -ling
- -oir
- -oot
- -rice
- -schap
- -schap (de)
- -schap (het)
- -sel
- -st
- -ster
- -t
- -tal
- -te
- -voud
- Verbs
- Adjectives
- Adverbs
- Univerbation
- Neo-classical word formation
- Construction-dependent morphology
- Morphological productivity
- Compounding
- Inflection
- Inflection and derivation
- Allomorphy
- The interface between phonology and morphology
- Word formation
- Syntax
- Preface and acknowledgements
- Verbs and Verb Phrases
- 1 Characterization and classification
- 2 Projection of verb phrases I:Argument structure
- 3 Projection of verb phrases II:Verb frame alternations
- Introduction
- 3.1. Main types
- 3.2. Alternations involving the external argument
- 3.3. Alternations of noun phrases and PPs
- 3.3.1. Dative/PP alternations (dative shift)
- 3.3.1.1. Dative alternation with aan-phrases (recipients)
- 3.3.1.2. Dative alternation with naar-phrases (goals)
- 3.3.1.3. Dative alternation with van-phrases (sources)
- 3.3.1.4. Dative alternation with bij-phrases (possessors)
- 3.3.1.5. Dative alternation with voor-phrases (benefactives)
- 3.3.1.6. Conclusion
- 3.3.1.7. Bibliographical notes
- 3.3.2. Accusative/PP alternations
- 3.3.3. Nominative/PP alternations
- 3.3.1. Dative/PP alternations (dative shift)
- 3.4. Some apparent cases of verb frame alternation
- 3.5. Bibliographical notes
- 4 Projection of verb phrases IIIa:Selection of clauses/verb phrases
- 5 Projection of verb phrases IIIb:Argument and complementive clauses
- Introduction
- 5.1. Finite argument clauses
- 5.2. Infinitival argument clauses
- 5.3. Complementive clauses
- 6 Projection of verb phrases IIIc:Complements of non-main verbs
- 7 Projection of verb phrases IIId:Verb clusters
- 8 Projection of verb phrases IV: Adverbial modification
- 9 Word order in the clause I:General introduction
- 10 Word order in the clause II:Position of the finite verb (verb-first/second)
- 11 Word order in the clause III:Clause-initial position (wh-movement)
- Introduction
- 11.1. The formation of V1- and V2-clauses
- 11.2. Clause-initial position remains (phonetically) empty
- 11.3. Clause-initial position is filled
- 12 Word order in the clause IV:Postverbal field (extraposition)
- 13 Word order in the clause V: Middle field (scrambling)
- 14 Main-clause external elements
- Nouns and Noun Phrases
- 1 Characterization and classification
- 2 Projection of noun phrases I: complementation
- Introduction
- 2.1. General observations
- 2.2. Prepositional and nominal complements
- 2.3. Clausal complements
- 2.4. Bibliographical notes
- 3 Projection of noun phrases II: modification
- Introduction
- 3.1. Restrictive and non-restrictive modifiers
- 3.2. Premodification
- 3.3. Postmodification
- 3.3.1. Adpositional phrases
- 3.3.2. Relative clauses
- 3.3.3. Infinitival clauses
- 3.3.4. A special case: clauses referring to a proposition
- 3.3.5. Adjectival phrases
- 3.3.6. Adverbial postmodification
- 3.4. Bibliographical notes
- 4 Projection of noun phrases III: binominal constructions
- Introduction
- 4.1. Binominal constructions without a preposition
- 4.2. Binominal constructions with a preposition
- 4.3. Bibliographical notes
- 5 Determiners: articles and pronouns
- Introduction
- 5.1. Articles
- 5.2. Pronouns
- 5.3. Bibliographical notes
- 6 Numerals and quantifiers
- 7 Pre-determiners
- Introduction
- 7.1. The universal quantifier al 'all' and its alternants
- 7.2. The pre-determiner heel 'all/whole'
- 7.3. A note on focus particles
- 7.4. Bibliographical notes
- 8 Syntactic uses of noun phrases
- Adjectives and Adjective Phrases
- 1 Characteristics and classification
- 2 Projection of adjective phrases I: Complementation
- 3 Projection of adjective phrases II: Modification
- 4 Projection of adjective phrases III: Comparison
- 5 Attributive use of the adjective phrase
- 6 Predicative use of the adjective phrase
- 7 The partitive genitive construction
- 8 Adverbial use of the adjective phrase
- 9 Participles and infinitives: their adjectival use
- 10 Special constructions
- Adpositions and adpositional phrases
- 1 Characteristics and classification
- Introduction
- 1.1. Characterization of the category adposition
- 1.2. A formal classification of adpositional phrases
- 1.3. A semantic classification of adpositional phrases
- 1.3.1. Spatial adpositions
- 1.3.2. Temporal adpositions
- 1.3.3. Non-spatial/temporal prepositions
- 1.4. Borderline cases
- 1.5. Bibliographical notes
- 2 Projection of adpositional phrases: Complementation
- 3 Projection of adpositional phrases: Modification
- 4 Syntactic uses of the adpositional phrase
- 5 R-pronominalization and R-words
- 1 Characteristics and classification
- Phonology
- Frisian
- Introduction to Frisian
- Phonology
- Segment inventory
- Phonotactics
- Phonological Processes
- Assimilation
- Vowel nasalization
- Syllabic sonorants
- Final devoicing
- Fake geminates
- Vowel hiatus resolution
- Vowel reduction introduction
- Schwa deletion
- Schwa insertion
- /r/-deletion
- d-insertion
- {s/z}-insertion
- t-deletion
- Intrusive stop formation
- Breaking
- Vowel shortening
- h-deletion
- Replacement of the glide w
- Word stress
- Clitics
- Allomorphy
- Orthography of Frisian
- Morphology
- Inflection
- Word formation
- Derivation
- Prefixation
- Infixation
- Suffixation
- Nominal suffixes
- Verbal suffixes
- Adjectival suffixes
- Adverbial suffixes
- Numeral suffixes
- Interjectional suffixes
- Onomastic suffixes
- Conversion
- Derivation
- Syntax
- Verbs and Verb Phrases
- Characteristics and classification
- Unergative and unaccusative subjects
- Evidentiality
- To-infinitival clauses
- Predication and noun incorporation
- Ellipsis
- Imperativus-pro-Infinitivo
- Expression of irrealis
- Embedded Verb Second
- Agreement
- Negation
- Nouns & Noun Phrases
- Classification
- Complementation
- Modification
- Partitive noun constructions
- Referential partitive constructions
- Partitive measure nouns
- Numeral partitive constructions
- Partitive question constructions
- Nominalised quantifiers
- Kind partitives
- Partitive predication with prepositions
- Bare nominal attributions
- Articles and names
- Pronouns
- Quantifiers and (pre)determiners
- Interrogative pronouns
- R-pronouns
- Syntactic uses
- Adjective Phrases
- Characteristics and classification
- Complementation
- Modification and degree quantification
- Comparison by degree
- Comparative
- Superlative
- Equative
- Attribution
- Agreement
- Attributive adjectives vs. prenominal elements
- Complex adjectives
- Noun ellipsis
- Co-occurring adjectives
- Predication
- Partitive adjective constructions
- Adverbial use
- Participles and infinitives
- Adposition Phrases
- Characteristics and classification
- Complementation
- Modification
- Intransitive adpositions
- Predication
- Preposition stranding
- Verbs and Verb Phrases
- Afrikaans
- Phonology
- Segment inventory
- Overview of Afrikaans vowels
- The rounded and unrounded high front vowels /i/ and /y/
- The diphthongised long vowels /e/, /ø/ and /o/
- The unrounded mid-front vowel /ɛ/
- The unrounded low-central vowel /ɑ/
- The unrounded low-central vowel /a/
- The rounded mid-high back vowel /ɔ/
- The rounded high back vowel /u/
- The unrounded and rounded central vowels /ə/ and /œ/
- The diphthongs /əi/, /œy/ and /œu/
- Overview of Afrikaans Consonants
- The bilabial plosives /p/ and /b/
- The alveolar plosives /t/ and /d/
- The velar plosives /k/ and /g/
- The bilabial nasal /m/
- The alveolar nasal /n/
- The velar nasal /ŋ/
- The trill /r/
- The lateral liquid /l/
- The labiodental fricatives /f/ and /v/
- The alveolar fricatives /s/ and /z/
- The velar fricative /x/
- The approximants /ɦ/, /j/ and /ʋ/
- Overview of Afrikaans vowels
- Word stress
- The phonetic properties of stress
- Primary stress on monomorphemic words in Afrikaans
- Background to primary stress in monomorphemes in Afrikaans
- Overview of the Main Stress Rule of Afrikaans
- The short vowels of Afrikaans
- Long vowels in monomorphemes
- Primary stress on diphthongs in monomorphemes
- Exceptions
- Stress shifts in place names
- Stress shift towards word-final position
- Stress pattern of reduplications
- Phonological Processes
- Phonotactics
- Segment inventory
- Morphology
- Syntax
- Introduction to Noun Phrases
- Introduction to Adjective Phrases
- Characteristics and classification
- Complementation
- Modification and degree quantification
- Comparison by comparative, superlative and equative degree
- Attribution
- Predication
- The partitive adjective construction
- Adverbial use
- Participles and infinitives as adjectives
- Introduction to Verb Phrases
- Phonology
Miscellanea numeralia
quickinfo
Numerals are the base words for a number of more or less productiveword formation processes and construction schemas. The listing below is far from complete:
- diminutives: tientjeten guilder/euro bill, halfjehalf a serving, certain coin, met zijn drietjeswith our three-DIMthe three of us.
- plurals: bij vierenby four-PLaround four o'clock, met zijn zevenenwith his seven-PLin a group of seven, in achtenin eight-PLin eight parts.
- temporal expressions (cf. MPI publications): het is drie uurit is three hourit is three o'clock, het is half vierit is half fourit is half past three, kwart voor vierquarter for fourthree forty five, twintig over zestwenty over six6:20, tien voor half zeventen for half seven6:20, bij vierenby four-en'around four, veertien januari zestieneenentwintigfourteen January sixteen one and twentyJanuary 24th, 1621.
- synthetic compounds: drietrapsraketthree-trep-s-rocket.
- measure phrases, such as amounts of money (twee euro zeventigtwo euro seventyE 2.70, twee zeventigtwo seventyE 2.70, drie tonthree tonE 300.000), lengths (twee meter zeventigtwo meter seventy2.70 meters, tweeëneenhalve metertwo and a half meter2.5 meter, twee meter en een halftwo meter and a half2.5 meter.
- cardinals used as part of names: (tram)lijn vijfstreetcar line five, which may be truncated to yield ik neem lijn vijfI take line five or even ik neem de vijfI take the five.
- univerbation: tweedehandsautosecond hand car.
readmore
This is work in progress. As the phenomena to be discussed appear not to belong to the core of morphology as it is commonly understood, it may take some time to be finished, if ever.
References:
Suggestions for further reading ▼
phonology
- Dutch
- Frisian
- Afrikaans
- Phonological processes in casual speech
[63%] Dutch > Phonology > Phonological processes
- The unrounded high-mid front-central vowel /ɪ/
[61%] Dutch > Phonology > Segment inventory > Vowel inventory
- Stem allomorphy
[61%] Dutch > Phonology > Phonology-morphology interface > Allomorphy
- Clitics
[61%] Dutch > Phonology > Clitics
- Intonation
[61%] Dutch > Phonology > Accent & intonation
- Intrusive stop formation
[66%] Frisian > Phonology > Phonological Processes
- The liquids
[66%] Frisian > Phonology > Segment inventory > Consonants
- The syllabic affiliation of prevocalic glides
[66%] Frisian > Phonology > Segment inventory > Consonants > Glides
- Word-final sequences of a nasal and an obstruent
[65%] Frisian > Phonology > Phonotactics > Codas > Two consonants
- /t/-deletion before the suffix -st
[65%] Frisian > Phonology > Phonological Processes
- Nasalization
[63%] Afrikaans > Phonology > Phonological Processes > Vowel related processes
- Rhotacism
[63%] Afrikaans > Phonology > Phonological Processes > Consonant related processes
- The unrounded low-central vowel /a/
[63%] Afrikaans > Phonology > Segment inventory > Overview of Afrikaans vowels
- The unrounded low-central vowel /ɑ/
[63%] Afrikaans > Phonology > Segment inventory > Overview of Afrikaans vowels
- The rounded mid-high back vowel /ɔ/
[62%] Afrikaans > Phonology > Segment inventory > Overview of Afrikaans vowels
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morphology
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- Frisian
- Afrikaans
- Derivation: inputs and input restrictions
[66%] Dutch > Morphology > Word formation > Derivation
- ont-
[66%] Dutch > Morphology > Word formation > Derivation > Verbs > Verbal prefixes
- The meaning of affixes
[66%] Dutch > Morphology > Word formation > Derivation
- Cardinal numerals
[65%] Dutch > Morphology > Word formation > Derivation > Numerals
- -en
[64%] Dutch > Morphology > Word formation > Derivation > Adjectives > Adjectival suffixes
- A > V
[67%] Frisian > Morphology > Word formation > Derivation > Conversion > Verbal conversion
- Ellipsis
[67%] Frisian > Morphology > Inflection > Adjectives
- -s
[67%] Frisian > Morphology > Word formation > Derivation > Suffixation > Adverbial suffixes > Noun as base
- -heid, -ens and -ichheid
[67%] Frisian > Morphology > Word formation > Derivation > Suffixation > Nominal suffixes > Adjective as base
- Emphasis
[66%] Frisian > Morphology > Inflection > Adjectives
- Inputs and input restrictions
[64%] Afrikaans > Morphology > Word formation > Affixation
- -ies (ADJZ)
[60%] Afrikaans > Morphology > List of affixes
- Meaning of affixes
[59%] Afrikaans > Morphology > Word formation > Affixation
- Affixation
[59%] Afrikaans > Morphology > Word formation
- Non-native affixes
[59%] Afrikaans > Morphology > Word formation > Affixation
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syntax
- Dutch
- Frisian
- Afrikaans
- 1.1.1. Properties of adpositions
[65%] Dutch > Syntax > Adpositions and adpositional phrases > 1 Characteristics and classification > 1.1. Characterization of the category adposition
- 3.2.1. Passivization
[65%] Dutch > Syntax > Verbs and Verb Phrases > 3 Projection of verb phrases II:Verb frame alternations > 3.2. Alternations involving the external argument
- 12.1. General introduction
[65%] Dutch > Syntax > Verbs and Verb Phrases > 12 Word order in the clause IV:Postverbal field (extraposition)
- 5.2.3.5. Hebben ''to have'' + infinitive
[65%] Dutch > Syntax > Verbs and Verb Phrases > 5 Projection of verb phrases IIIb:Argument and complementive clauses > 5.2. Infinitival argument clauses > 5.2.3. Bare infinitivals
- 1.3.2. Deadjectival nouns
[65%] Dutch > Syntax > Nouns and Noun Phrases > 1 Characterization and classification > 1.3. Derivation of nouns
- As prepositional complement
[65%] Frisian > Syntax > Nouns & Noun Phrases > Modification > Relative clauses > Syntactic function
- The adverb of degree followed by an adjective and negation
[64%] Frisian > Syntax > Verbs and Verb Phrases > Negation
- The transitive verb of predication hawwe 'have'
[63%] Frisian > Syntax > Adjective Phrases > Predication > Complementive constructions > Transitive predication > Aspectual hawwe
- Combining with to-infinitives
[63%] Frisian > Syntax > Verbs and Verb Phrases > Predication and noun incorporation > Copulas
- Expletive der 'there' and two types of wh-phrases
[63%] Frisian > Syntax > Nouns & Noun Phrases > R-pronouns
- Mood
[66%] Afrikaans > Syntax > Introduction to Verb Phrases > Characterization and classification
- Modification of the superlative
[64%] Afrikaans > Syntax > Introduction to Adjective Phrases > Comparison by comparative, superlative and equative degree > Superlative
- The regular passive
[64%] Afrikaans > Syntax > Introduction to Verb Phrases > Alternations > Alternations involving the external argument > Passivisation
- Root modality
[64%] Afrikaans > Syntax > Introduction to Verb Phrases > Characterization and classification > Modality
- Inflection and derivation
[64%] Afrikaans > Syntax > Introduction to Verb Phrases > Characterization and classification
Show more ▼
ABOUT THIS TOPIC
Author(s):
Ton van der Wouden
Category:
Dutch Morphology
Publication date:
07 August 2019
Keywords:
morphology
numeral
construction
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