- Dutch
- Frisian
- Afrikaans
- Dutch
- Phonology
- Segment inventory
- Phonotactics
- Phonological processes
- Phonology-morphology interface
- Word stress
- Primary stress in simplex words
- Monomorphemic words
- Diachronic aspects
- Generalizations on stress placement
- Default penultimate stress
- Lexical stress
- The closed penult restriction
- Final closed syllables
- The diphthong restriction
- Superheavy syllables (SHS)
- The three-syllable window
- Segmental restrictions
- Phonetic correlates
- Stress shifts in loanwords
- Quantity-sensitivity
- Secondary stress
- Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables
- Stress in complex words
- Primary stress in simplex words
- Accent & intonation
- Clitics
- Spelling
- Morphology
- Word formation
- Compounding
- Nominal compounds
- Verbal compounds
- Adjectival compounds
- Affixoids
- Coordinative compounds
- Synthetic compounds
- Reduplicative compounds
- Phrase-based compounds
- Elative compounds
- Exocentric compounds
- Linking elements
- Separable complex verbs (SCVs)
- Gapping of complex words
- Particle verbs
- Copulative compounds
- Derivation
- Numerals
- Derivation: inputs and input restrictions
- The meaning of affixes
- Non-native morphology
- Cohering and non-cohering affixes
- Prefixation
- Suffixation
- Nominal suffixation: person nouns
- Conversion
- Pseudo-participles
- Bound forms
- Nouns
- Nominal prefixes
- Nominal suffixes
- -aal and -eel
- -aar
- -aard
- -aat
- -air
- -aris
- -ast
- Diminutives
- -dom
- -een
- -ees
- -el (nominal)
- -elaar
- -enis
- -er (nominal)
- -erd
- -erik
- -es
- -eur
- -euse
- ge...te
- -heid
- -iaan, -aan
- -ief
- -iek
- -ier
- -ier (French)
- -ière
- -iet
- -igheid
- -ij and allomorphs
- -ijn
- -in
- -ing
- -isme
- -ist
- -iteit
- -ling
- -oir
- -oot
- -rice
- -schap
- -schap (de)
- -schap (het)
- -sel
- -st
- -ster
- -t
- -tal
- -te
- -voud
- Verbs
- Adjectives
- Adverbs
- Univerbation
- Neo-classical word formation
- Construction-dependent morphology
- Morphological productivity
- Compounding
- Inflection
- Inflection and derivation
- Allomorphy
- The interface between phonology and morphology
- Word formation
- Syntax
- Preface and acknowledgements
- Verbs and Verb Phrases
- 1 Characterization and classification
- 2 Projection of verb phrases I:Argument structure
- 3 Projection of verb phrases II:Verb frame alternations
- Introduction
- 3.1. Main types
- 3.2. Alternations involving the external argument
- 3.3. Alternations of noun phrases and PPs
- 3.3.1. Dative/PP alternations (dative shift)
- 3.3.1.1. Dative alternation with aan-phrases (recipients)
- 3.3.1.2. Dative alternation with naar-phrases (goals)
- 3.3.1.3. Dative alternation with van-phrases (sources)
- 3.3.1.4. Dative alternation with bij-phrases (possessors)
- 3.3.1.5. Dative alternation with voor-phrases (benefactives)
- 3.3.1.6. Conclusion
- 3.3.1.7. Bibliographical notes
- 3.3.2. Accusative/PP alternations
- 3.3.3. Nominative/PP alternations
- 3.3.1. Dative/PP alternations (dative shift)
- 3.4. Some apparent cases of verb frame alternation
- 3.5. Bibliographical notes
- 4 Projection of verb phrases IIIa:Selection of clauses/verb phrases
- 5 Projection of verb phrases IIIb:Argument and complementive clauses
- Introduction
- 5.1. Finite argument clauses
- 5.2. Infinitival argument clauses
- 5.3. Complementive clauses
- 6 Projection of verb phrases IIIc:Complements of non-main verbs
- 7 Projection of verb phrases IIId:Verb clusters
- 8 Projection of verb phrases IV: Adverbial modification
- 9 Word order in the clause I:General introduction
- 10 Word order in the clause II:Position of the finite verb (verb-first/second)
- 11 Word order in the clause III:Clause-initial position (wh-movement)
- Introduction
- 11.1. The formation of V1- and V2-clauses
- 11.2. Clause-initial position remains (phonetically) empty
- 11.3. Clause-initial position is filled
- 12 Word order in the clause IV:Postverbal field (extraposition)
- 13 Word order in the clause V: Middle field (scrambling)
- 14 Main-clause external elements
- Nouns and Noun Phrases
- 1 Characterization and classification
- 2 Projection of noun phrases I: complementation
- Introduction
- 2.1. General observations
- 2.2. Prepositional and nominal complements
- 2.3. Clausal complements
- 2.4. Bibliographical notes
- 3 Projection of noun phrases II: modification
- Introduction
- 3.1. Restrictive and non-restrictive modifiers
- 3.2. Premodification
- 3.3. Postmodification
- 3.3.1. Adpositional phrases
- 3.3.2. Relative clauses
- 3.3.3. Infinitival clauses
- 3.3.4. A special case: clauses referring to a proposition
- 3.3.5. Adjectival phrases
- 3.3.6. Adverbial postmodification
- 3.4. Bibliographical notes
- 4 Projection of noun phrases III: binominal constructions
- Introduction
- 4.1. Binominal constructions without a preposition
- 4.2. Binominal constructions with a preposition
- 4.3. Bibliographical notes
- 5 Determiners: articles and pronouns
- Introduction
- 5.1. Articles
- 5.2. Pronouns
- 5.3. Bibliographical notes
- 6 Numerals and quantifiers
- 7 Pre-determiners
- Introduction
- 7.1. The universal quantifier al 'all' and its alternants
- 7.2. The pre-determiner heel 'all/whole'
- 7.3. A note on focus particles
- 7.4. Bibliographical notes
- 8 Syntactic uses of noun phrases
- Adjectives and Adjective Phrases
- 1 Characteristics and classification
- 2 Projection of adjective phrases I: Complementation
- 3 Projection of adjective phrases II: Modification
- 4 Projection of adjective phrases III: Comparison
- 5 Attributive use of the adjective phrase
- 6 Predicative use of the adjective phrase
- 7 The partitive genitive construction
- 8 Adverbial use of the adjective phrase
- 9 Participles and infinitives: their adjectival use
- 10 Special constructions
- Adpositions and adpositional phrases
- 1 Characteristics and classification
- Introduction
- 1.1. Characterization of the category adposition
- 1.2. A formal classification of adpositional phrases
- 1.3. A semantic classification of adpositional phrases
- 1.3.1. Spatial adpositions
- 1.3.2. Temporal adpositions
- 1.3.3. Non-spatial/temporal prepositions
- 1.4. Borderline cases
- 1.5. Bibliographical notes
- 2 Projection of adpositional phrases: Complementation
- 3 Projection of adpositional phrases: Modification
- 4 Syntactic uses of the adpositional phrase
- 5 R-pronominalization and R-words
- 1 Characteristics and classification
- Phonology
- Frisian
- Introduction to Frisian
- Phonology
- Segment inventory
- Phonotactics
- Phonological Processes
- Assimilation
- Vowel nasalization
- Syllabic sonorants
- Final devoicing
- Fake geminates
- Vowel hiatus resolution
- Vowel reduction introduction
- Schwa deletion
- Schwa insertion
- /r/-deletion
- d-insertion
- {s/z}-insertion
- t-deletion
- Intrusive stop formation
- Breaking
- Vowel shortening
- h-deletion
- Replacement of the glide w
- Word stress
- Clitics
- Allomorphy
- Orthography of Frisian
- Morphology
- Inflection
- Word formation
- Derivation
- Prefixation
- Infixation
- Suffixation
- Nominal suffixes
- Verbal suffixes
- Adjectival suffixes
- Adverbial suffixes
- Numeral suffixes
- Interjectional suffixes
- Onomastic suffixes
- Conversion
- Derivation
- Syntax
- Verbs and Verb Phrases
- Characteristics and classification
- Unergative and unaccusative subjects
- Evidentiality
- To-infinitival clauses
- Predication and noun incorporation
- Ellipsis
- Imperativus-pro-Infinitivo
- Expression of irrealis
- Embedded Verb Second
- Agreement
- Negation
- Nouns & Noun Phrases
- Classification
- Complementation
- Modification
- Partitive noun constructions
- Referential partitive constructions
- Partitive measure nouns
- Numeral partitive constructions
- Partitive question constructions
- Nominalised quantifiers
- Kind partitives
- Partitive predication with prepositions
- Bare nominal attributions
- Articles and names
- Pronouns
- Quantifiers and (pre)determiners
- Interrogative pronouns
- R-pronouns
- Syntactic uses
- Adjective Phrases
- Characteristics and classification
- Complementation
- Modification and degree quantification
- Comparison by degree
- Comparative
- Superlative
- Equative
- Attribution
- Agreement
- Attributive adjectives vs. prenominal elements
- Complex adjectives
- Noun ellipsis
- Co-occurring adjectives
- Predication
- Partitive adjective constructions
- Adverbial use
- Participles and infinitives
- Adposition Phrases
- Characteristics and classification
- Complementation
- Modification
- Intransitive adpositions
- Predication
- Preposition stranding
- Verbs and Verb Phrases
- Afrikaans
- Phonology
- Segment inventory
- Overview of Afrikaans vowels
- The rounded and unrounded high front vowels /i/ and /y/
- The diphthongised long vowels /e/, /ø/ and /o/
- The unrounded mid-front vowel /ɛ/
- The unrounded low-central vowel /ɑ/
- The unrounded low-central vowel /a/
- The rounded mid-high back vowel /ɔ/
- The rounded high back vowel /u/
- The unrounded and rounded central vowels /ə/ and /œ/
- The diphthongs /əi/, /œy/ and /œu/
- Overview of Afrikaans Consonants
- The bilabial plosives /p/ and /b/
- The alveolar plosives /t/ and /d/
- The velar plosives /k/ and /g/
- The bilabial nasal /m/
- The alveolar nasal /n/
- The velar nasal /ŋ/
- The trill /r/
- The lateral liquid /l/
- The labiodental fricatives /f/ and /v/
- The alveolar fricatives /s/ and /z/
- The velar fricative /x/
- The approximants /ɦ/, /j/ and /ʋ/
- Overview of Afrikaans vowels
- Word stress
- The phonetic properties of stress
- Primary stress on monomorphemic words in Afrikaans
- Background to primary stress in monomorphemes in Afrikaans
- Overview of the Main Stress Rule of Afrikaans
- The short vowels of Afrikaans
- Long vowels in monomorphemes
- Primary stress on diphthongs in monomorphemes
- Exceptions
- Stress shifts in place names
- Stress shift towards word-final position
- Stress pattern of reduplications
- Phonological Processes
- Phonotactics
- Segment inventory
- Morphology
- Syntax
- Introduction to Noun Phrases
- Introduction to Adjective Phrases
- Characteristics and classification
- Complementation
- Modification and degree quantification
- Comparison by comparative, superlative and equative degree
- Attribution
- Predication
- The partitive adjective construction
- Adverbial use
- Participles and infinitives as adjectives
- Introduction to Verb Phrases
- Phonology
Nominal suffixes
quickinfo
Dutch has a great number of suffixes which are found in derived nouns. They range from native, very frequent, and semantically versatile such as -er, as in the agent noun werker (< werkento work), the instrument noun stofzuigerdust suckervacuum cleaner, i.e. something one vacuums with and the patient noun bijsluiterencloserinformation leaflet, to non-native, monosemous, rare -ier (/je:/) as in hotelierhotel owner, hotelier.
readmore
Read more about the various individual suffixes via the following links:
- -aal and -eel as in rivaalrival and korporaalcorporal
- -aar and -enaar as in wandelaarwalker and schuldenaardebtor
- -aard as in wreedaardbrute
- -aat as in AziaatAsian, resultaatresult and in chloraatchlorate
- -air as in diamantairdiamond seller
- -aris as in bibliothecarislibrarian (< bibliotheeklibrary)
- -dom as in mensdommankind < menshuman, prinsdomprincipality < prinsprince, and rijkdomwealth < rijkrich
- -e as in de blindethe blind person (< blindblind) and het paranormalethe paranormal (< paranormaalparanormal)
- -een as found in inhabitant names of common gender based on geographical names such as ChileenChilean (< ChiliChile), with a plural form in -en (ChilenenChileans), as well as in (international scientific) chemical compound names of neuter gender such as benzeenbenzene.
- -ees as in ChineesChinese person
- -elaar, a native non-productive cohering suffix found in names for trees and bushes based on fruit names such as perelaar/'pe.rə.lar/pear tree < peerpear
- -enis, a native cohering suffix found in action nouns derived from native verb stems. There are two allomorphs, -nis as in hindernisobstacle (< hinderento hinder) and -tenis as in bekentenisconfession (bekennento confess)
- -er as in werker (< werkento work) and stofzuigervacuum cleaner, i.e. something one vacuums with
- -erd as in dikkerdbig fellow, fatso
- -erik as in slimmerikclever person (< slimsmart)
- -es as in voogdesfemale guardian. There is an allomorph -esse in e.g. secretaressefemale secretary
- -eur as in masseurmasseur (cf. masserento massage), skiffeursingle scull rower (< English skiff) and amateuramateur
- -euse as in masseusefemale masseur (cf. masseurmasseur) and friteusedeep frying pan
- -heid as in gladheidsmoothness (< gladsmooth) and correctheidcorrectness (< correctcorrect)
- -iaan and -aan as in HegeliaanHegelian (< Hegel) and mohammedaanmuslim (Mohammed), inhabitant names AmerikaanAmerican; there is also a chemical use (saturated hydrocarbon) in formations like ethaanethane, C2H6
- -ief as in explosiefexplosive
- -iek as in symbolieksymbolism (< symboolsymbol) and semantieksemantics
- -ier as in herbergierinn-keeper (< herberginn) and glazenierstained-glass artist (< glasglass)
- -ier (French) as in hotelierhotel owner, hotelier
- -ière as in cabaretièrefemale cabaret artist and bonbonnièrebonbonnière
- -iet as in IsraëlietIsraelite, JemenietYemenite, meteorietmeteorite, grafietgraphite and chlorietchlorite
- -igheid as in gekkigheidfoolishness
- -ij and allomorphs as in voogdijguardianship (< voogdguardian), boerderijfarm (< boerfarmer), ambtenarijbureaucracy (< ambtenaarcivil servant)) and mooipraterijhumbug (< mooibeautiful and praattalk)
- -ijn as in augustijnAugustinian and Argentijnargentinian
- -in as in vriendinfemale friend (< vriendfriend) and leeuwinlioness (< leeuwlion)
- -ing as in uitvindinginvention (< uitvindento invent) and verhogingincrease, platform (< verhogento increase)
- -isme as in modernismemodernism (< modernmodern) and calvinismcalvinism (< CalvijnCalvin)
- -iteit as in absurditeitabsurdity (< absurdabsurd)
- -ling as in dorpelingvillager (< dorpvillage) and krakelingtype of cookie, cracknel (< krakento crack)
- -oir as in reservoirreservoir
- -oot as in Caïrootsomeone from Cairo
- -or as in donordonor, dictatordictator and tumortumor
- -rice as in directricefemale director (cf. directeurdirector) and organisatricefemale organiser (cf. organisatororganiser)
- -schap. Two suffixes can be distinguished: non-neuter -schap (de) as in vriendschapfriendship, de broederschapthe fraternity and dronkenschapdrunkenness, and neuter -schap (het) as in martelaarschapmartyrdom (< martelaarmartyr)
- -sel as in zaagselsawdust (< zagento saw)
- -st as in vangstcatch (< vangento catch)
- -ster as in zwemsterfemale swimmer (< zwemmento swim)
- -tal as in drietaltriple (< driethree)
- -t as in teelt[telt]cultivation (< teel[tel]to grow)
- -te as in stiltesilence (< stilsilent)
- -voud as in veelvoudmultitude (< veelmany, much)
- Diminutives
- Inhabitant names
- Personal nouns
- the circumfix ge..te
References:
Suggestions for further reading ▼
phonology
- Dutch
- Frisian
- Afrikaans
- The spelling of vowels
[59%] Dutch > Phonology > Spelling
- Phonotactics at the word level
[57%] Dutch > Phonology > Phonotactics
- Final devoicing
[57%] Dutch > Phonology > Phonological processes
- Phonological processes in casual speech
[57%] Dutch > Phonology > Phonological processes
- Suffix allomorphy
[57%] Dutch > Phonology > Phonology-morphology interface > Allomorphy
- /{s/z}/-insertion between /{t/d}/ and /jə/
[61%] Frisian > Phonology > Phonological Processes
- Final /d/-deletion
[60%] Frisian > Phonology > Allomorphy
- /d/-insertion in the sequences /nər/, /lər/, and /rər/
[59%] Frisian > Phonology > Phonological Processes
- The phonological domain of Final Devoicing
[59%] Frisian > Phonology > Phonological Processes > Final devoicing
- The dorsal obstruents
[59%] Frisian > Phonology > Segment inventory > Consonants
- Quality alternation of back vowels
[58%] Afrikaans > Phonology > Phonological Processes > Vowel related processes
- d-deletion
[58%] Afrikaans > Phonology > Phonological Processes > Consonant related processes > Consonant cluster simplification: Overview
- Nasal assimilation
[57%] Afrikaans > Phonology > Phonological Processes > Consonant related processes
- The rounded and unrounded close front vowels of Afrikaans
[57%] Afrikaans > Phonology > Segment inventory > Overview of Afrikaans vowels
- Plural formation of nouns ending on vowels and sonorant consonants
[57%] Afrikaans > Phonology > Phonological Processes > Phonology-morphology interface
Show more ▼
morphology
- Dutch
- Frisian
- Afrikaans
- Nominal suffixation: person nouns
[63%] Dutch > Morphology > Word formation > Derivation
- -er (nominal)
[62%] Dutch > Morphology > Word formation > Derivation > Nouns > Nominal suffixes
- Nominal prefixes
[60%] Dutch > Morphology > Word formation > Derivation > Nouns
- Possessive pronouns
[59%] Dutch > Morphology > Inflection > Pronouns
- -aal and -eel
[59%] Dutch > Morphology > Word formation > Derivation > Nouns > Nominal suffixes
- Suffixation
[62%] Frisian > Morphology > Word formation > Derivation
- Case
[61%] Frisian > Morphology > Inflection > Nouns
- -ier
[61%] Frisian > Morphology > Word formation > Derivation > Suffixation > Nominal suffixes > Noun as base
- -DIM (diminutive)
[59%] Frisian > Morphology > Word formation > Derivation > Suffixation > Nominal suffixes > Noun as base
- Cardinal numbers
[59%] Frisian > Morphology > Inflection > Numerals
- Non-native affixes
[58%] Afrikaans > Morphology > Word formation > Affixation
- Nominalisation – Person names
[55%] Afrikaans > Morphology > Word formation > Affixation
- Prefixation
[55%] Afrikaans > Morphology > Word formation > Affixation
- Pseudo-participles
[54%] Afrikaans > Morphology > Word formation > Affixation
- Bound forms
[54%] Afrikaans > Morphology > Word formation > Affixation
Show more ▼
syntax
- Dutch
- Frisian
- Afrikaans
- 2.1. General observations
[63%] Dutch > Syntax > Nouns and Noun Phrases > 2 Projection of noun phrases I: complementation
- 2.2.5.4. The distribution of the arguments of the noun
[61%] Dutch > Syntax > Nouns and Noun Phrases > 2 Projection of noun phrases I: complementation > 2.2. Prepositional and nominal complements > 2.2.5. Picture and story nouns
- 2.2.2. Relational nouns
[61%] Dutch > Syntax > Nouns and Noun Phrases > 2 Projection of noun phrases I: complementation > 2.2. Prepositional and nominal complements
- 7.1.4. Distribution of al and alle as independent constituents
[60%] Dutch > Syntax > Nouns and Noun Phrases > 7 Pre-determiners > 7.1. The universal quantifier al 'all' and its alternants
- 4.1.3. Other constructions
[60%] Dutch > Syntax > Nouns and Noun Phrases > 4 Projection of noun phrases III: binominal constructions > 4.1. Binominal constructions without a preposition
- Position
[57%] Frisian > Syntax > Nouns & Noun Phrases > Complementation > PP complements
- The referential partitive construction
[57%] Frisian > Syntax > Nouns & Noun Phrases > Partitive noun constructions
- Discontinuity of noun and quantifier or adjective
[56%] Frisian > Syntax > Adjective Phrases > Attribution > Noun ellipsis
- Non-pronominal
[56%] Frisian > Syntax > Adjective Phrases > Attribution > Noun ellipsis > After possessors
- Restriction of the B-construction to modals
[56%] Frisian > Syntax > Verbs and Verb Phrases > Expression of irrealis
- Constructions with APs
[61%] Afrikaans > Syntax > Introduction to Adjective Phrases > Characteristics and classification
- Attribution
[61%] Afrikaans > Syntax > Introduction to Adjective Phrases
- 3.3.2 Accusative and PP alternations
[61%] Afrikaans > Syntax > Introduction to Verb Phrases > Alternations > Alternations of Noun Phrases and Prepositional Phrases
- Finite interrogative complement clauses: syntactic distribution
[60%] Afrikaans > Syntax > Introduction to Verb Phrases > Complement clauses > Finite interrogative complement clauses
- Root modality
[60%] Afrikaans > Syntax > Introduction to Verb Phrases > Characterization and classification > Modality
Show more ▼
ABOUT THIS TOPIC
Author(s):
Ton van der Wouden
Category:
Dutch Morphology
Publication date:
07 August 2019
Keywords:
verb
derivation
suffix
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