- Dutch
- Frisian
- Afrikaans
- Dutch
- Phonology
- Segment inventory
- Phonotactics
- Phonological processes
- Phonology-morphology interface
- Word stress
- Primary stress in simplex words
- Monomorphemic words
- Diachronic aspects
- Generalizations on stress placement
- Default penultimate stress
- Lexical stress
- The closed penult restriction
- Final closed syllables
- The diphthong restriction
- Superheavy syllables (SHS)
- The three-syllable window
- Segmental restrictions
- Phonetic correlates
- Stress shifts in loanwords
- Quantity-sensitivity
- Secondary stress
- Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables
- Stress in complex words
- Primary stress in simplex words
- Accent & intonation
- Clitics
- Spelling
- Morphology
- Word formation
- Compounding
- Nominal compounds
- Verbal compounds
- Adjectival compounds
- Affixoids
- Coordinative compounds
- Synthetic compounds
- Reduplicative compounds
- Phrase-based compounds
- Elative compounds
- Exocentric compounds
- Linking elements
- Separable complex verbs (SCVs)
- Gapping of complex words
- Particle verbs
- Copulative compounds
- Derivation
- Numerals
- Derivation: inputs and input restrictions
- The meaning of affixes
- Non-native morphology
- Cohering and non-cohering affixes
- Prefixation
- Suffixation
- Nominal suffixation: person nouns
- Conversion
- Pseudo-participles
- Bound forms
- Nouns
- Nominal prefixes
- Nominal suffixes
- -aal and -eel
- -aar
- -aard
- -aat
- -air
- -aris
- -ast
- Diminutives
- -dom
- -een
- -ees
- -el (nominal)
- -elaar
- -enis
- -er (nominal)
- -erd
- -erik
- -es
- -eur
- -euse
- ge...te
- -heid
- -iaan, -aan
- -ief
- -iek
- -ier
- -ier (French)
- -ière
- -iet
- -igheid
- -ij and allomorphs
- -ijn
- -in
- -ing
- -isme
- -ist
- -iteit
- -ling
- -oir
- -oot
- -rice
- -schap
- -schap (de)
- -schap (het)
- -sel
- -st
- -ster
- -t
- -tal
- -te
- -voud
- Verbs
- Adjectives
- Adverbs
- Univerbation
- Neo-classical word formation
- Construction-dependent morphology
- Morphological productivity
- Compounding
- Inflection
- Inflection and derivation
- Allomorphy
- The interface between phonology and morphology
- Word formation
- Syntax
- Preface and acknowledgements
- Verbs and Verb Phrases
- 1 Characterization and classification
- 2 Projection of verb phrases I:Argument structure
- 3 Projection of verb phrases II:Verb frame alternations
- Introduction
- 3.1. Main types
- 3.2. Alternations involving the external argument
- 3.3. Alternations of noun phrases and PPs
- 3.3.1. Dative/PP alternations (dative shift)
- 3.3.1.1. Dative alternation with aan-phrases (recipients)
- 3.3.1.2. Dative alternation with naar-phrases (goals)
- 3.3.1.3. Dative alternation with van-phrases (sources)
- 3.3.1.4. Dative alternation with bij-phrases (possessors)
- 3.3.1.5. Dative alternation with voor-phrases (benefactives)
- 3.3.1.6. Conclusion
- 3.3.1.7. Bibliographical notes
- 3.3.2. Accusative/PP alternations
- 3.3.3. Nominative/PP alternations
- 3.3.1. Dative/PP alternations (dative shift)
- 3.4. Some apparent cases of verb frame alternation
- 3.5. Bibliographical notes
- 4 Projection of verb phrases IIIa:Selection of clauses/verb phrases
- 5 Projection of verb phrases IIIb:Argument and complementive clauses
- Introduction
- 5.1. Finite argument clauses
- 5.2. Infinitival argument clauses
- 5.3. Complementive clauses
- 6 Projection of verb phrases IIIc:Complements of non-main verbs
- 7 Projection of verb phrases IIId:Verb clusters
- 8 Projection of verb phrases IV: Adverbial modification
- 9 Word order in the clause I:General introduction
- 10 Word order in the clause II:Position of the finite verb (verb-first/second)
- 11 Word order in the clause III:Clause-initial position (wh-movement)
- Introduction
- 11.1. The formation of V1- and V2-clauses
- 11.2. Clause-initial position remains (phonetically) empty
- 11.3. Clause-initial position is filled
- 12 Word order in the clause IV:Postverbal field (extraposition)
- 13 Word order in the clause V: Middle field (scrambling)
- 14 Main-clause external elements
- Nouns and Noun Phrases
- 1 Characterization and classification
- 2 Projection of noun phrases I: complementation
- Introduction
- 2.1. General observations
- 2.2. Prepositional and nominal complements
- 2.3. Clausal complements
- 2.4. Bibliographical notes
- 3 Projection of noun phrases II: modification
- Introduction
- 3.1. Restrictive and non-restrictive modifiers
- 3.2. Premodification
- 3.3. Postmodification
- 3.3.1. Adpositional phrases
- 3.3.2. Relative clauses
- 3.3.3. Infinitival clauses
- 3.3.4. A special case: clauses referring to a proposition
- 3.3.5. Adjectival phrases
- 3.3.6. Adverbial postmodification
- 3.4. Bibliographical notes
- 4 Projection of noun phrases III: binominal constructions
- Introduction
- 4.1. Binominal constructions without a preposition
- 4.2. Binominal constructions with a preposition
- 4.3. Bibliographical notes
- 5 Determiners: articles and pronouns
- Introduction
- 5.1. Articles
- 5.2. Pronouns
- 5.3. Bibliographical notes
- 6 Numerals and quantifiers
- 7 Pre-determiners
- Introduction
- 7.1. The universal quantifier al 'all' and its alternants
- 7.2. The pre-determiner heel 'all/whole'
- 7.3. A note on focus particles
- 7.4. Bibliographical notes
- 8 Syntactic uses of noun phrases
- Adjectives and Adjective Phrases
- 1 Characteristics and classification
- 2 Projection of adjective phrases I: Complementation
- 3 Projection of adjective phrases II: Modification
- 4 Projection of adjective phrases III: Comparison
- 5 Attributive use of the adjective phrase
- 6 Predicative use of the adjective phrase
- 7 The partitive genitive construction
- 8 Adverbial use of the adjective phrase
- 9 Participles and infinitives: their adjectival use
- 10 Special constructions
- Adpositions and adpositional phrases
- 1 Characteristics and classification
- Introduction
- 1.1. Characterization of the category adposition
- 1.2. A formal classification of adpositional phrases
- 1.3. A semantic classification of adpositional phrases
- 1.3.1. Spatial adpositions
- 1.3.2. Temporal adpositions
- 1.3.3. Non-spatial/temporal prepositions
- 1.4. Borderline cases
- 1.5. Bibliographical notes
- 2 Projection of adpositional phrases: Complementation
- 3 Projection of adpositional phrases: Modification
- 4 Syntactic uses of the adpositional phrase
- 5 R-pronominalization and R-words
- 1 Characteristics and classification
- Phonology
- Frisian
- Introduction to Frisian
- Phonology
- Segment inventory
- Phonotactics
- Phonological Processes
- Assimilation
- Vowel nasalization
- Syllabic sonorants
- Final devoicing
- Fake geminates
- Vowel hiatus resolution
- Vowel reduction introduction
- Schwa deletion
- Schwa insertion
- /r/-deletion
- d-insertion
- {s/z}-insertion
- t-deletion
- Intrusive stop formation
- Breaking
- Vowel shortening
- h-deletion
- Replacement of the glide w
- Word stress
- Clitics
- Allomorphy
- Orthography of Frisian
- Morphology
- Inflection
- Word formation
- Derivation
- Prefixation
- Infixation
- Suffixation
- Nominal suffixes
- Verbal suffixes
- Adjectival suffixes
- Adverbial suffixes
- Numeral suffixes
- Interjectional suffixes
- Onomastic suffixes
- Conversion
- Derivation
- Syntax
- Verbs and Verb Phrases
- Characteristics and classification
- Unergative and unaccusative subjects
- Evidentiality
- To-infinitival clauses
- Predication and noun incorporation
- Ellipsis
- Imperativus-pro-Infinitivo
- Expression of irrealis
- Embedded Verb Second
- Agreement
- Negation
- Nouns & Noun Phrases
- Classification
- Complementation
- Modification
- Partitive noun constructions
- Referential partitive constructions
- Partitive measure nouns
- Numeral partitive constructions
- Partitive question constructions
- Nominalised quantifiers
- Kind partitives
- Partitive predication with prepositions
- Bare nominal attributions
- Articles and names
- Pronouns
- Quantifiers and (pre)determiners
- Interrogative pronouns
- R-pronouns
- Syntactic uses
- Adjective Phrases
- Characteristics and classification
- Complementation
- Modification and degree quantification
- Comparison by degree
- Comparative
- Superlative
- Equative
- Attribution
- Agreement
- Attributive adjectives vs. prenominal elements
- Complex adjectives
- Noun ellipsis
- Co-occurring adjectives
- Predication
- Partitive adjective constructions
- Adverbial use
- Participles and infinitives
- Adposition Phrases
- Characteristics and classification
- Complementation
- Modification
- Intransitive adpositions
- Predication
- Preposition stranding
- Verbs and Verb Phrases
- Afrikaans
- Phonology
- Segment inventory
- Overview of Afrikaans vowels
- The rounded and unrounded high front vowels /i/ and /y/
- The diphthongised long vowels /e/, /ø/ and /o/
- The unrounded mid-front vowel /ɛ/
- The unrounded low-central vowel /ɑ/
- The unrounded low-central vowel /a/
- The rounded mid-high back vowel /ɔ/
- The rounded high back vowel /u/
- The unrounded and rounded central vowels /ə/ and /œ/
- The diphthongs /əi/, /œy/ and /œu/
- Overview of Afrikaans Consonants
- The bilabial plosives /p/ and /b/
- The alveolar plosives /t/ and /d/
- The velar plosives /k/ and /g/
- The bilabial nasal /m/
- The alveolar nasal /n/
- The velar nasal /ŋ/
- The trill /r/
- The lateral liquid /l/
- The labiodental fricatives /f/ and /v/
- The alveolar fricatives /s/ and /z/
- The velar fricative /x/
- The approximants /ɦ/, /j/ and /ʋ/
- Overview of Afrikaans vowels
- Word stress
- The phonetic properties of stress
- Primary stress on monomorphemic words in Afrikaans
- Background to primary stress in monomorphemes in Afrikaans
- Overview of the Main Stress Rule of Afrikaans
- The short vowels of Afrikaans
- Long vowels in monomorphemes
- Primary stress on diphthongs in monomorphemes
- Exceptions
- Stress shifts in place names
- Stress shift towards word-final position
- Stress pattern of reduplications
- Phonological Processes
- Phonotactics
- Segment inventory
- Morphology
- Syntax
- Introduction to Noun Phrases
- Introduction to Adjective Phrases
- Characteristics and classification
- Complementation
- Modification and degree quantification
- Comparison by comparative, superlative and equative degree
- Attribution
- Predication
- The partitive adjective construction
- Adverbial use
- Participles and infinitives as adjectives
- Introduction to Verb Phrases
- Phonology
-abel/'a.bəl/ is a non-native productive stress-bearing cohering suffix found in adjectives based on non-native roots and (occasionally) nouns. The roots found in -abel formations often occur in verbs in -eer as well. In the case of a corresponding verb, the meaning of the -abel formation can be described as V-able (the verb without the -eer suffix), e.g. acceptabelacceptable (cf. accepterento accept), variabelvariable (cf. variërento vary). There is also a variant -ibel/'i.bəl/ found in adjectives such as flexibelflexible and compatibelcompatible. Various forms in -abel and -ibel may be loans.
-abel/'a.bəl/ is a non-native productive suffix found in adjectives based on non-native roots and (occasionally) nouns. The roots in -abel formations are often found in verbs in -eer as well; Smessaert (2013: 98) describes the relation between -abel formations and -eer formations in terms of affix substitution. In the case of a corresponding transitive verb, the meaning of the -abel formation can be described as V-able, able to be V'd, e.g. acceptabelacceptable (cf. accepterento accept); if the verb is intransitive (unergative), the semantics is being able to V, e.g. variabelvariable (cf. variërento vary) Haas (1993: 340). As Haas (1993: 341) point out, -abel derivations corresponding to transitive verbs tend to modify the corresponding direct object (men accepteert de uitslagone accepts the outcome - de uitslag is acceptabelthe outcome is acceptable), whereas -abel derivations corresponding to intransitive verbs tend to modify the subject (de werktijden variërenworking times vary - de werktijden zijn variabelworking times are variable). The suffix can be considered to be the non-native counterpart of native -baar (cf. here).
Sometimes one finds derivations both with non-native -abel and native -baar corresponding to the same verb in -eer, e.g. both variabelvariable and varieerbaarvariable are attested, hust like acceptabelacceptable and accepteerbaaracceptable. In the first case, there appears to be a subtle meaning difference: varieerbaar suggests the existence or necessity of an external agent or cause.
There is also a variant -ibel/'i.bəl/ found in adjectives such as flexibelflexible and compatibelcompatible.
The suffixes -abel and -ibel are stress-bearing (stress on the first syllable of the suffix) (acceptabel/ɑk.sɛp.'ta.bəl/acceptable, compatibel/kɔm.pa.'ti.bəl/compatible). As the transcriptions show, the affixes are cohering: syllabification does not respect the morphological structure.
Adjectives in -abel show standard adjectival inflection and can be used both attributively (een acceptabele voorstellingan acceptable performance) and predicatively (de voorstelling was acceptabelthe performance was acceptable). Comparative and superlative forms are rare, probably for semantic reasons, but possible (Zwangerschapsduur variabeler dan verwachtlength of pregnancy more variable than expected); nonimalizations with (non-native) -iteit (e.g. acceptabiliteitacceptability.
Various forms in -abel and -ibel may be loans, e.g. variabel (Etymologiebank) and miserabelmiserable (Etymologiebank).
As Haas (1993: 341) point out, loans like capabelcapable (Etymologiebank), formidabelformidable (Etymologiebank) and abominabelabominably (Etymologiebank) can perhaps considered to be formally complex, containing the suffix as well.
- Haas, Wim de & Trommelen, Mieke1993Morfologisch handboek van het Nederlands. Een overzicht van de woordvormingSDU Uitgeverij
- Haas, Wim de & Trommelen, Mieke1993Morfologisch handboek van het Nederlands. Een overzicht van de woordvormingSDU Uitgeverij
- Haas, Wim de & Trommelen, Mieke1993Morfologisch handboek van het Nederlands. Een overzicht van de woordvormingSDU Uitgeverij
- Smessaert, Hans2013Basisbegrippen morfologieBasisbegrippen taalkundeLeuven/Den HaagACCO
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[73%] Dutch > Phonology > Phonological processes
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[71%] Dutch > Phonology > Phonotactics
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[71%] Dutch > Phonology > Phonological processes
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[71%] Dutch > Phonology > Phonology-morphology interface > Allomorphy
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[70%] Dutch > Phonology > Accent & intonation
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[77%] Frisian > Phonology > Phonological Processes
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[75%] Frisian > Phonology > Allomorphy
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[74%] Frisian > Phonology > Phonological Processes
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[74%] Frisian > Phonology > Phonological Processes > Breaking
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[74%] Frisian > Phonology > Segment inventory > Consonants
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[74%] Afrikaans > Phonology > Segment inventory > Overview of Afrikaans vowels
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[73%] Afrikaans > Phonology > Phonological Processes > Consonant related processes
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[72%] Afrikaans > Phonology > Phonotactics
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[72%] Afrikaans > Phonology > Phonological Processes > Consonant related processes > Consonant cluster simplification: Overview
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[71%] Afrikaans > Phonology > Phonological Processes > Consonant related processes
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[78%] Dutch > Morphology > Word formation > Derivation > Nouns > Nominal suffixes
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[77%] Dutch > Morphology > Word formation > Derivation > Nouns > Nominal suffixes
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[76%] Dutch > Morphology > Word formation > Derivation > Nouns > Nominal suffixes
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[75%] Dutch > Morphology > Inflection
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[75%] Dutch > Morphology > Word formation > Derivation > Nouns > Nominal suffixes
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[76%] Frisian > Morphology > Inflection > Numerals
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[76%] Frisian > Morphology > Inflection > Pronouns
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[75%] Frisian > Morphology > Word formation > Derivation > Suffixation > Nominal suffixes > Adjective as base
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[75%] Frisian > Morphology > Word formation > Derivation > Suffixation > Nominal suffixes > Noun as base
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[75%] Frisian > Morphology > Word formation > Derivation > Suffixation > Nominal suffixes > Noun as base
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[71%] Afrikaans > Morphology > Word formation > Affixation
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[70%] Afrikaans > Morphology > List of affixes
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[69%] Afrikaans > Morphology > Word formation
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[68%] Afrikaans > Morphology > Word formation > Affixation
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[68%] Afrikaans > Morphology > List of affixes
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[75%] Dutch > Syntax > Verbs and Verb Phrases > 1 Characterization and classification
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[75%] Dutch > Syntax > Adpositions and adpositional phrases > 1 Characteristics and classification > 1.1. Characterization of the category adposition
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[74%] Dutch > Syntax > Nouns and Noun Phrases > 7 Pre-determiners > 7.1. The universal quantifier al 'all' and its alternants
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[74%] Dutch > Syntax > Verbs and Verb Phrases
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[74%] Dutch > Syntax > Verbs and Verb Phrases > 9 Word order in the clause I:General introduction
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[75%] Afrikaans > Syntax > Introduction to Verb Phrases > Alternations > Alternations involving the external argument > Passivisation
